Infección osteoarticular multifocal en un recién nacido / Multifocal osteoarticular infection in a neonate / Infecção osteoarticular multi-focal num recém-nascido

Tanto la osteomielitis como la osteoartritis séptica en el período neonatal son patologías infrecuentes. La afectación ósea de la columna cervical es aún más rara, siendo excepcional en neonatos. Son patologías graves, con elevada morbimortalidad, donde el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz agresivo son de suma importancia para el pronóstico vital y funcional. Presentamos el caso de un neonato que presentó una sepsis a S. Aureus multirresistente, asociada a una osteomielitis de la primera vértebra cervical y a una osteoartritis séptica de la cadera izquierda. Fue tratado precozmente de forma quirúrgica y con antibioticoterapia, presentando una buena evolución.

Both osteomyelitis and septic osteoarthritis in the neonatal period are infrequent pathologies. Bone involvement of the cervical spine is even rarer, being exceptional in neonates. These are serious pathologies, with high morbimortality, where early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are of utmost importance for the vital and functional prognosis. We present the case of a neonate who presented with sepsis due to multidrug-resistant S. Aureus, associated with osteomyelitis of the first cervical vertebra and septic osteoarthritis of the left hip. He was treated early surgically and with antibiotic therapy, presenting a good evolution

Tanto a osteomielite como a osteoartrose séptica no período neonatal são patologias raras. O envolvimento ósseo da coluna cervical é ainda mais raro, sendo excepcional nos recém-nascidos. Estas são patologias graves, com elevada morbimortalidade, onde o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento agressivo são da maior importância para o prognóstico vital e funcional. Apresentamos o caso de um recém-nascido que apresentou sepse devido a S. Aureus multirresistente, associado a osteomielite da primeira vértebra cervical e osteoartrose séptica da anca esquerda. Foi tratado precocemente cirurgicamente e com terapia antibiótica, com uma boa evolução.

Displasia ósea esclerosante en paciente adulto sin diagnóstico previo: presentación de un caso / Bone sclerosing dysplasia in an adult patient without previous diagnosis: a case report

La displasia ósea esclerosante es una afectación en el desarrollo intrínseco del esqueleto, por alteración en la formación y modelado del hueso, que lleva a una excesiva acumulación ósea con un aumento de la densidad (esclero-sis). Existen varios tipos y todos ellos son de origen genético. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 37 años que llega a la consulta sin diagnóstico previo, por dolor en miembros inferiores de larga evolución con reagudizaciones, asociado a deformidad e impotencia funcional, que cedía parcialmente con analgésicos comunes. (AU)

Bone sclerosing dysplasia is an affectation of the intrinsic development of the skeleton by an alteration in bone formation and modeling. It causes excessive bone accumulation with an increase in density (sclerosis). There are several types of bone sclerosing dysplasia. They are of genetic origin. We report here a 37 year-old patient without a previous diagnosis of sclerosing bone dysplasia who was seen in the clinic for pain in the lower limbs associated with bone deformity with only partial response to analgesics. (AU)

La proloterapia mostró buenos resultados para aliviar el dolor de pacientes con síndrome de disfunción músculo tendinosa del trocánter mayor: cohorte prospectiva / Prolotherapy showed good results to relieve pain of patients with tendon-muscle dysfunction syndrome of the greater trochanter: prospective case series

OBJETIVOS: Describir la evolución de una cohorte de pacientes con sindrome de disfunción dolorosa del trocánter mayor tratados con proloterapia. MÉTODOS: 30 pacientes con dolor crónico recibieron una mediana de 3,5 inyecciones de dextrosa al 12,5% y lidocaina al 0,5% en la entesis de los músculos que se insertan en el trocanter mayor. Fueron evaluados sus cambios en el dolor mediante una escala analógica visual (EAV) y en la calidad de vida, a través del puntaje Euro Quol 5D. RESULTADOS: A los seis meses de la primera inyección se constató una reducción media del dolor de 5,45 (IC 95% 4,55 a 6,34) puntos de la EAV, desde una media basal de 8,01 (5 a 10) a una media a los seis meses de 2,56 (1 a 7); y una mejoría de la calidad de vida desde 0,401 a 0,891 puntos en la escala Euro Quol 5D. No se observaron efectos adversos. CONCLUSIÓN: Los pacientes con sindrome de disfunción dolorosa del trocánter mayor tratados con proloterapia evolucionaron con una reducción en su nivel de dolor y una mejoría en su calidad (AU)

OBJECTIVES: To describe the evolution of a cohort of patients with a major trochanter dysfunction pain syndrome treated with prolotherapy. METHODS: 30 patients with chronic pain received a median of 3.5 injections of 12.5% dextrose and 0.5% lidocaine in the entesis of the muscles that are inserted into the greater trocanter. Their changes in pain were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and quality of life, through the Euro Quol 5D score. RESULTS: Six months after the first injection, a mean pain reduction of 5.45 (95% CI 4.55 to 6.34) VAS points was observed, from a baseline average of 8.01 (5 to 10 ) to an average of 2.56 (1 to 7) at six-month; and an improvement in the quality of life from 0.401 to 0.891 points on the Euro Quol 5D scale. No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Patients with major trochanter dysfunction pain syndrome treated with prolotherapy evolved with a reduction in their level of pain and an improvement in their quality of life (AU)

Caso Clínico: Luxación Controlada de Cadera. Epifisiólisis de Cabeza Femoral / Case Report: Controlled Hip Dislocation. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La epifisiólisis de la cabeza femoral es el desplazamiento de la epífisis con respecto a la metáfisis, en dirección anterosuperior; su etiología es desconocida, frecuente en adolescentes, periodo peripuberal, y con índice de masa corporal elevado, edad promedio entre 12 y 18 años. Su incidencia es variable, 0.2 (Japón) a 10 (Estados Unidos) por 100 000 habitantes. Se caracteriza por dolor progresivo en cadera, con irradiación a la ingle o rodilla, se asocia a cojera; con la detección precoz se puede instaurar un tratamiento adecuado, el más aceptado es la fijación in situ con tornillos centrales. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de sexo femenino 14 años de edad sin antecedentes patológicos, acudió al servicio de ortopedia infantil por presentar dolor lancinante crónico de cadera derecha de nueve meses de evolución que aumenta con la deambulación, diagnosticada por clínica y exámenes complementarios de imagen de epifisiólisis de cabeza femoral. Se realizó luxación quirúrgica de la cadera y reducción abierta anatómica con colocación de tornillos esponjosos. EVOLUCIÓN: Al tercer día de la cirugía, se decide alta hospitalaria; deambulación con muletas y sin apoyo durante un mes posquirúrgico. La osteosíntesis permaneció durante un año con controles mensuales y fisioterapia correspondiente; se ha evidenciado evolución favorable; arcos de movilidad de cadera conservados, deambulación normal, sin complicaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento inicial de un paciente con epifisiólisis de cabeza femoral estable depende del tiempo de evolución y se realiza fijando con tornillos o agujas mediante la luxación anatómica de la cadera y osteoplastia de remodelación del cuello femoral. La mayoría de los pacientes no desarrollan necrosis ni condrolisis y los resultados a largo plazo con la fijación in situ suelen ser excelentes, a diferencia de los pacientes con diagnóstico tardío.

BACKGROUND: The epiphysiolysis of the femoral head is the displacement of the epiphysis with respect to the metaphysis, in anterosuperior direction; it is etiology is unknown, frequent in adolescents, peripubertal period, and with high body mass index, average age between 12 and 18 years. It is incidence is variable, 0.2 (Japan) to 10 (United States) per 100 000 inhabitants. It is characterized by progressive pain in the hip, with irradiation to the groin or knee, is associated with lameness; with the early detection, an adequate treatment can be established, the most accepted one is the in situ fixation with central screws. CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old female patient with no pathological history attended the Children's Orthopedic Service due to the chronic lancinating pain of the right hip, which increases with walking, it is diagnosed by clinical examination and complementary exams of femoral head epiphysiolysis. Surgical dislocation of the hip and anatomical open reduction with placement of spongy screws was performed. EVOLUTION: On the third day of surgery, hospital discharge is decided; walking with crutches and without support during a postoperative month. The osteosynthesis remained for a year with monthly controls and corresponding physiotherapy; it has been evidenced favorable evolution; hip mobility arches preserved, normal ambulation, without complications CONCLUSIONS: The initial treatment of a patient with epiphysiolysis of stable femoral head depends on the evolution time and is done by fixing with screws or needles with of anatomical dislocation of the hip and osteoplasty of femoral neck remodeling. Most patients do not develop necrosis or chondro- lysis and long-term results with in situ fixation are usually excellent, unlike patients with late diagnosis.

Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia misdiagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis: a case report / 北京大学学报(医学版)

In this study, we reported a case of progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia in Peking University Third Hospital. A 56-year-old male patient presented with hip joint pain for more than 40 years and multiple joints pain with limitation of movements of these joints for 28 years. This patient suffered from joint pain and impaired range of motion of the hip, knee, elbow and shoulder gradually, associated with difficulty in walking and inability to take care of himself. He was diagnosed with "femoral head necrosis" or "ankylosing spondylitis" in local hospitals, but the treatment of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and sulfasalazine was not effective. Up to the age of 14, the patient displayed normal physical development, with the highest height was about 158 cm, according to the patient recall. However, his height was 153 cm at present. There was no history of similar illness in any family member. Physical examinations descried limitation of movement of almost all joints. Enlargement and flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the hands resulted in the claw hand appearance. Limited abduction and internal and external rotation of the shoulder and hip could be find. He had normal laboratory findings for blood routine test, biochemical indexes and acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Furthermore, HLA-B27 and autoimmune antibodies such as rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody and antinuclear antibody (ANA) were all negative. X-ray of the hip showed loss of the joint space and irregularities of the femoral head, both femoral head were flattened, it could be see hyperplasia, osteophytes, bilateral femoral neck thicken, neck dry angle turned smaller. The radiological findings of the spinal vertebra indicated kyphosis deformity, narrowing of the intervertebral discs, vertebral syndesmophytes and flattening of the vertebra. However, there was no clues of bone marrow edema in the lumbar MRI. At last, genetic testing for the Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP3) gene was done and indicated compound heterozygous mutations: 756C>G and c.866dupA. These two mutations were derived from the patient's mother and father (the patient's parents each had a heterozygous mutation). Two exons of the WISP3 gene had nucleotide changes leading to amino acid mutations. According to the patient's history, symptoms, physical examinations, radiological findings and genetic testing, the final definitive diagnosis was progressive pseudorheumatic dysplasia.

Artroscopia de quadril / Hip arthroscopy

A artroscopia de quadril é um método seguro para o tratamento de diversas patologias desconhecidas até a última década. O impacto femoroacetabular é a patologia mais comum e com melhores resultados quando tratada precocemente. O instrumental e a técnica cirúrgica da artroscopia de quadril continuam em evolução. Novas indicações de artroscopia de quadril vem sendo estudadas, como o tratamento das lesões do ligamento redondo, capsulorrafia nas instabilidades, dissecação do nervo ciático e reparo de lesões dos músculos glúteos (lesões do manguito rotador do quadril), porém ainda com reprodutibilidade discutível. A taxa de complicações é baixa e resultados cada vez melhores e com menor número de complicações devem ser esperados com a progressão da curva de aprendizado.

Hip arthroscopy is a safe method for treating a variety of pathological conditions that were unknown until a decade ago. Femoroacetabular impingement is the commonest of these pathological conditions and the one with the best results when treated early on. The instruments and surgical technique for hip arthroscopy continue to evolve. New indications for hip arthroscopy has been studied as the ligamentum teres injuries, capsular repair in instabilities, dissection of the sciatic nerve and repair of gluteal muscles tears (injuries to the hip rotator cuff), although still with debatable reproducibility. The complication rate is low, and ever-better results with fewer complications should be expected with the progression of the learning curve.

Calcar Preservation Arthroplasty for Unstable Intertrochanteric Femoral Fractures in Elderly

BACKGROUND: The treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to present treatment strategies for unstable intertrochanteric fractures with hemiarthroplasty using standard uncemented collared femoral stems and at the same time preserving the fractured calcar fragment. METHODS: Fifty-four patients aged 75 years or older with unstable intertrochanteric fractures were included in this prospective cohort study. All patients were treated with calcar preserving hemiarthroplasty using cementless collored femoral stems. Fractured calcar fragment was stabilized either by compaction between the implant and femur or fixed with cable grip system. Follow-up evaluations were performed at least 24 months and later. Palmer and Parker mobility score and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score were assessed. We also analyzed radiographs of the operated hip at each follow-up visit. RESULTS: The patients were 15 males and 39 females with a mean age of 81.3 years (range, 75 to 93 years). The average operative time was 86.6 minutes. The mean transfused blood units were 1.2 units. The average duration of hospital stay was 5.3 days. The preoperative mean mobility score was 6.20. This score was found to be 4.96 on postoperative third day and 5.90 at 24 months postoperatively. The results of the statistical analysis revealed significant increase in the mobility scores at each follow-up after three days. Radiological interpretation revealed no loosening in the cable-grip systems, and no significant subsidence (> 5 mm) of prosthesis was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Calcar preservation arthroplasty is a good option for elderly patients with severe osteoporosis, frail constitution and the patients who are at higher risk for second operation due to unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Rare Case of Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a rare systemic disease, which commonly manifests as muco-cutaneous papulonodules and inflammatory erosive polyarthropathy. In this research, we report the clinical manifestations and management of a rare case of MRH with destructive arthropathy of bilateral hip joints and arthritis mutilans presenting with characteristic deformities. Disabling hip arthropathy that occurs secondary to MRH can be successfully managed with bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). Osteopenia and acetabular bone defects must be anticipated during THA. This case is reported due to its rare occurrence and because little literature has been published regarding THA in such patients.

Aplicaciones de la ultrasonografía en cadera / Ultrasound Applications on Hip

Ultrasonography (US) in the last decade has gained interest for the study of the hip, with its known advantages over other imaging techniques, although the acoustic window of this joint is small. It is useful to differentiate pathology intra of extra-articular, guide local corticosteroid infiltration and monitoring of the response to systemic or local treatment. It has application in patients with hip osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis, also the prosthetic hip.

La ultrasonografía (US) en la última década ha cobrado interés para el estudio de la cadera, con sus conocidas ventajas sobre otras técnicas de imagen, a pesar de que la ventana acústica de esta articulación sea pequeña. Es de gran utilidad para diferenciar patología intra de la extra articular, guiar la infiltración local de glucocorticoides y monitoreo de la respuesta a tratamiento sistémico o local. Tiene aplicación tanto en la cadera de pacientes con osteoartritis, artritis reumatoide y espondiloartritis como en la cadera protésica.

Impacto isquiofemoral: uma etiologia de quadril doloroso: relato de caso / Ischiofemoral impingement: an etiology of hip pain: case report

A associação entre dor no quadril, anormalidade do músculo quadrado femoral na ressonância magnética (RM) e estreitamento do espaço isquiofemoral tem sido relatada na literatura atual, levantando a possibilidade de que essa lesão muscular seja causada pelo impacto isquiofemoral. Tal diagnóstico foi observado em algumas mulheres de meia-idade com ou sem história de trauma ou cirurgia. Os autores relatam aqui uma mulher de 31 anos de idade, que apresentava dor no quadril sem história de trauma, com evidência de estreitamento do espaço isquiofemoral e edema no músculo quadrado femoral. Foi realizado tratamento não cirúrgico com alívio dos sintomas. O diagnóstico de impacto isquiofemoral deve ser considerado em pacientes do sexo feminino com queixa de dor no quadril sem outra causa evidente.

An association between hip pain and quadratus femoris muscle abnormality on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with concurrent narrowing of the ischiofemoral space has been reported in the recent literature. This raises the possibility that the muscle damage observed is due to ischiofemoral impingement. This diagnosis has been noted in middle-aged females either with or without a history of trauma or surgery, is a rarely described feature. We report here on a 31-year-old woman who presented with non-traumatic hip pain and evidence of narrowing of the ischiofemoral space and edema in the quadratus femoris. Nonsurgical treatment was administered, which relieved her hip pain. The diagnosis of ischiofemoral impingement should be considered in female patients complaining of hip pain without any other evident cause.

Miositis osificante de los aductores de la cadera / Ossifying myositis of hip adductors

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 24 años de edad, asistido en la Escuela de Trabajadores Sociales de Santiago de Cuba por aumento de volumen en la cadera izquierda y limitación funcional total, no dolorosa, de esa parte del cuerpo. Se comprobó clínica y radiográficamente que se trataba de una miositis osificante de los aductores de la cadera, pero no pudo ser operado en esta provincia porque regresó a su país natal.

The clinical case of a 24-year-old patient attended at Social Workers School in Santiago de Cuba due to increased left hip size and total functional limitation without pain of that body area was presented. It was clinically and radiographically documented that the diagnosis was ossifying myositis of hip adductors. However, surgery could not be done in that province because the patient travelled back to his country.

La ultrasonografía en cadera dolorosa / Ultrasonography of the painful hip

En la consulta reumatológica el dolor de cadera es un síntoma frecuente, y la ultrasonografía (US) se impone cada vez más en la práctica clínica como un método auxiliar no invasivo, inocuo, sencillo y económico para su estudio. La US nos permite la evaluación de diversas condiciones reumatológicas de la articulación coxofemoral, como presencia y magnitud de sinovitis que acompañan a padecimientos inflamatorios y degenerativos, evalúa el contorno de la cabeza femoral, por lo que permite detectar fracturas insospechadas, osteofitos y erosiones, también las alteraciones cartilaginosas en las artropatías degenerativas y por microcristales, así como el rodete acetabular permite detectar fragmentos osteocartilaginosos intraarticulares que se ubican en las porciones declives de la articulación; además, existen bursas que en condiciones patológicas pueden ser identificadas. Por otro lado, el estudio dinámico nos ayuda en la coxa saltans o el chasquido de cadera y sus patologías subyacentes. Se ha empleado para realizar procedimientos guiados, como artrocentesis, infiltraciones o biopsias para diagnóstico y tratamiento. Asimismo, la US permite la evaluación adecuada de estructuras en esta zona en caso de cadera protésica o con material metálico en las que se producen artefactos cuando se usa tomografía computarizada (TAC) o resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN). En la presente revisión se describen patologías que producen síndrome de cadera dolorosa y que se pueden evaluar adecuadamente por US.

Painful hip is a common symptom in rheumatological practice. In recent years, ultrasonography (US) of the hip has gained wider acceptance as a convenient, accurate, unexpensive and non-invasive technique for the clinical evaluation of the painful hip. US is an appropriate method for the evaluation of a number of rheumatological conditions of the coxo-femoral joint, causing painful hip. It lets the trained rheumatologist evaluate the existence and extent of synovitis associated to inflammatory and degenerative conditions; it assesses the contour of the femoral head, detecting unsuspected fractures, osteofites and erosions. It also shows cartilage changes seen in degenerative and cristal-induced arthropathies; as well as evaluates the acetabular labrum. It detects intra-articular osteocartilaginous fragments found in lower portions of the joint. Additionally some bursae that are not normally identified, can be seen when inflammed. The exam also includes a dynamic part that is useful in the diagnosis of coxa saltans or snapping hip and associated pathologies. It is also helpful for guided procedures such as arthrocenthesis, infiltration or diagnostic biopsies. US avoids some of the technical limitations of CT or MRI in the evaluation of the prosthetic hip or with the presence of metallic material in a person. This review presents a revision of the most frequent etiologies causing painful hip and their study with US.

Proposta de padronização do estudo radiográfico do quadril e da pelve / Proposal for standardization of radiographic studies on the hip and pelvis

O diagnóstico das afecções do quadril e da pelve é baseado em história clínica detalhada, exame físico e exames complementares adequados para cada afecção. A radiografia simples ainda constitui o exame inicial de escolha e, diante da sua importância, existe a necessidade da realização de estudos radiográficos padronizados, tanto na sua execução quanto nas séries radiográficas, de acordo com as diferentes afecções. O objetivo deste artigo é propor a padronização das principais incidências radiográficas do quadril e da pelve, realização de séries específicas para diferentes afecções e orientação técnica quanto à realização das mesmas.

Diagnoses of hip and pelvis disorders are based on the detailed medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests, as appropriate for each condition. Plain radiography is still the initial examination of choice and, because of its importance, there is a need to standardize radiographic studies, both in relation to execution and in radiographic series, according to the different pathological conditions. The aim of this paper was to propose standardization for the main radiographic views of the hip and pelvis, and with regard to performing specific series for different pathological conditions, and to provide technical guidance for achieving these aims.

Avaliação do tratamento da artrite séptica do quadril / Treatment evaluation of septic arthritis of the hip

Objetivo: Revisão dos resultados do tratamento de 46 crianças, 47 quadris, com artrite séptica do quadril e a investigação da relação entre os fatores prognósticos e os resultados clínicos obtidos. Métodos: Foram classificados, do ponto de vista clínico e radiográfico, de acordo com as classificações de Hunka e a de Choi, e distribuídos em grupos para estudo estatístico. O grupo 1 foi formado por pacientes classificados como tipo IA, e o grupo 2 pelos pacientes tipos IB ao IVB. A doença acometeu 30 meninos, sendo o lado direito comprometido em 26 crianças e uma delas com acometimento bilateral. A média de idade na apresentação foi de 50 meses, sendo maior no grupo 1 (p = 0,023). A cultura do líquido sinovial foi positiva em 23 pacientes e, dentre elas, em 18 cresceram Staphylococcus aureus. O tempo de sintomas até o tratamento cirúrgico teve média de 3,5 dias, sendo a espera no grupo 1 menor (p = 0,03). Resultados: Quarenta e seis pacientes, 47 quadris, que compareceram ao Ambulatório da Ortopedia do HIJG, e responderam ao protocolo, submetidos a exame físico e radiografias da bacia, além da revisão de dados do prontuário. O resultado do tratamento foi satisfatório na grande maioria dos casos. Conclusão: Pacientes jovens, que, na apresentação, não claudicavam, com cultura do líquido sinovial positiva para Staphylococcus aureus e demora na instituição do tratamento cirúrgico constituíram fatores de pior prognóstico nos resultados.

Objective: Presenting a retrospective review of the results of treatment of children with septic arthritis of the hip and the investigation of the relationship between prognostic factors and the clinical results obtained. Methods: The patients evaluated (46) comprising 47 hips, who attended Orthopedics HIJG´s ambulatory clinic, answered a questionnaire, underwent physical examinations and radiographs of the pelvis, as well as the review of data from medical records. The patients were classified in terms of clinical and radiographic point of view according to both the classifications of Hunka and Choi, and were divided into groups for statistical comparison. Group 1 consisted of patients classified as Type IA and group 2 consisted of patients classified as Type IB to Type IVB. Results: The disease affected 30 boys, affecting the right hip in 26 children and both sides in one child. The average age at the presentation was 50 months, being higher in group 1 (p = 0.023). The synovial fluid culture was positive in 23 patients and Staphylococcus aureus grew in 18 of them. Symptoms lasted on average for 3.5 days before surgery, the wait being shorter in group 1 (p = 0.03). The treatment outcome was satisfactory in most cases. Conclusion: Young patients, who did not limp during the initial medical exam, with synovial fluid culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus and delay in undergoing surgical treatment, were associated with poor outcomes.

Estudo clínico do quadril não tratado na tetraparesia espástica / Clinical study of untreated hip in spastic tetraparesis

Objetivo: Avaliar quadris de pacientes com tetraparesia espástica considerando a gravidade das deformidades articulares, a idade e a escoliose. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo descritivo transversal de 40 pacientes (um a 17 anos); 21 (52,5 por cento) do sexo feminino e 19 (47,5 por cento) do masculino em pacientes da Associação Cruz Verde; 19 (47,5 por cento) apresentaram prematuridade, 26 (65,0 por cento) anóxia, quatro (10,0 por cento) meningite, 10 (25,0 por cento) hidrocefalia e 15 (37,5 por cento) microcefalia; 38 (95,0 por cento) apresentavam espasticidade, um (2,5 por cento) atetose e um (2,5 por cento) o padrão misto; 28 (70,0 por cento) apresentavam tetraparesia e 12 (30,0 por cento) dupla hemiparesia. Nenhum paciente deambulava, 38 (95,0 por cento) foram classificados como GFMCS V e dois (5,0 por cento) como IV. Consideramos dois grupos, conforme a necessidade ou não do tratamento cirúrgico dos quadris pelo risco de luxação e dor. Utilizamos os testes de Thomas, abdução brusca e Nelaton-Galeazzi. A escoliose foi avaliada pela simetria do tronco e gibosidade. Resultados: Observamos correlação entre a escoliose e a positividade do teste da abdução brusca. Não houve correlação entre a idade e a contratura dos quadris. Não houve diferença entre os tipos topográficos e a contratura do quadril. Conclusões: Não encontramos correlação entre a idade e o grau de contratura articular; pacientes com escoliose apresentaram maior comprometimento da abdução do quadril.

Objective: To evaluate CP patients considering the hip joint and analyzing the relation between severity, age and scoliosis. Methods: A transversal descriptive study was performed in 40 patients (1 to 17 y.o.), 21 (52,5 percent) female and 19 (47,5 percent) male from Cruz Verde Association; 19 (47,5 percent) had history of prematurity; 26 (65,0 percent) with anoxia; meningitis in 4 (10 percent), hydrocephalus in 10(25,0 percent); microcephalus in 15 (37,5 percent). From the total 38 (95,0 percent) presented spasticity, 1 (2,5 percent) athetoid and 1 (2,5 percent) mixed. According to topographic classification 28 (70,0 percent) presented tetraparesis and 12 (30,0 percent) double hemiparesis. All of them are non-ambulators and 38 (95,0 percent) were classified as GFMCS V and 2 (5,0 percent) were level IV. The patients were divided in two groups (with or without indications for hip surgical treatment). The hips were analysed by Thomas, abduction, and Nelaton-Galeazzi tests. The scoliosis was clinically analysed considering trunk symmetry and dorsal hump. Results: We observed positive correlation between the patients’ scoliosis and hip flexion contracture. There was no difference between the patients’ age and and hip flexion contracture. There was no difference between topographic types and hip contractures. Conclusions: We did not find positive correlation between patients’ age and hip contractures; patients with scoliosis present worse hip abduction compromise.

Osteocondrite de Van Neck-Odelberg: relato de 4 casos / Van neck-odelberg osteochondritis: report on 4 cases

A osteocondrite de Van Neck-Odelberg é uma doença rara, que acomete a sincondrose isquiopúbica. Foram avaliados quatro crianças em idade escolar com queixa de dor súbita no quadril esquerdo. As radiografias mostravam alteração da sincondrose isquiopúbica. Os casos foram confirmados com ressonância magnética. Todos os casos foram tratados com marcha sem carga no membro acometido por duas a quatro semanas com melhora completa do quadro.

The Van Neck-Odelberg osteochondritis is a rare disease that affects the ischiopubic synchondrosis. We evaluated four school-age children with complaints of acute pain in the left hip. Radiographs showed a change in the ischiopubic synchondrosis. The cases were confirmed with MRI. All cases were treated with walking withno weight bearing on the affected limb for two to four weeks with complete improvement of symptoms.

Artroscopia do quadril na epifisiólise grave / Hip arthroscopy in severe epiphysiolisis

Apresenta-se o caso de um indivíduo de 12 anos de idade, do sexo masculino, com diagnóstico de epifisiólise femoral proximal grau III em sua forma crônica agudizada, associada à limitação funcional grave e restrição importante do arco de movimento do quadril. O paciente foi submetido à osteotomia de ressecção de uma cunha trapezoide do colo femoral tipo Dunn por via artroscópica, seguido da redução e fixação percutânea com parafuso de 6,5mm. Houve melhora significativa do quadro clínico logo no primeiro pós-operatório, o que permitiu a reabilitação precoce. Os autores apresentam uma breve revisão de literatura e propõem esta técnica como um método adjuvante viável no tratamento da epifisiólise femoral proximal grave, encorajando o desenvolvimento de estudos sobre o tema.

We present a case report of a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with slipped capital femoral epiphysis grade III, with an acute-on-chronic presentation, associated with severe functional impairment and significant reduction in hip range of motion. The patient underwent a Dunn-type trapezoidal wedge femoral neck subtraction osteotomy by hip arthroscopy, followed by closed reduction and fixation with a 6.5mm percutaneous screw. There was significant improvement of the clinical picture on the first postoperative day, allowing for early rehabilitation. After a brief review of the literature, the authors propose this novel surgical technique as a viable method to treat severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis, encouraging the development of new studies on the subject.

Sinovitis villonodular pigmentada focal: reporte de un caso / Focal pigmented villonodular synovitis: a case report

Pigmented villonodular synovitis represents a benign synovial proliferation associated to hemosiderin deposits, which originates in bone joints, bursae or tendinous sheaths. The knee articulation is the most commonly involved joint (80 percent of the cases), followed by the hip joint. Normally, this pathology has a diffuse presentation, and a small percentage shows a localized form. PVNS displays very specific imaging features, which allows a good diagnostic approach when aided by different radiological techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this report we describe an infrequent case of focal PVNS localized in the hip, which was treated at "Clínica Alemana", Santiago, Chile.

La sinovitis villonodular pigmentada (SVNP) es una proliferación sinovial benigna asociada a depósitos de hemosiderina, que se origina en articulaciones, bursas o vainas tendíneas. La articulación más comprometida es la rodilla (80 por ciento de los casos), seguida por la cadera. Normalmente, esta patología es de presentación difusa y en un menor porcentaje se da en forma focal. La SVNP posee características imaginológicas muy particulares, lo que permite una buena aproximación diagnóstica de la mano de los diferentes métodos radiológicos, en particular la resonancia magnética. En este reporte se describe un caso poco frecuente de SVNP focal en la cadera, que se presentó en la Clínica Alemana de Santiago.

Hip magnetic resonance imaging: descriptive epidemiology and outcome in Jordan University Hospital

To evaluate the experience in Jordan University Hospital regarding hip magnetic resonance imaging and to compare our findings with those published in medical literature. one hundred eighty two hip magnetic resonance images performed over the period of 7 years were reviewed, 88 patients [48.3%] had normal hip magnetic resonance image and were excluded from the study while the remaining 94 images [51.6%] with variable abnormalities were included in our study. Variable hip pathologies were seen, the most common was bone marrow edema syndrome found in 22 patients representing [23.4%] of the pathologies detected, followed by transient osteoporosis in 16 [17%] patients and avascular necrosis of the hip joint in 13 [13.8%] patients. Slipped femoral capital epiphysis and Paget_s disease were the least common seen in [1.1%] for each. In Jordan University Hospital referred patients for hip MRI scanning showed diverse findings with the most common abnormality detected being bone marrow edema syndrome of the femoral head followed by transient osteoporosis and avascular necrosis. The great benefit from magnetic resonance imaging was in diagnosing transient osteoporosis, staging avascular necrosis of the hip joint and characterization of deep pelvic soft tissue masses. The prevalence of hip pathology among Jordan University hospital patients as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging was in concordance with what was published in the literature